Enhancing resilience and justice in climate adaptation laws. Resilience, adaptability and transformability in socialecological systems. Within this context resilience is viewed as one of three integrated capacities. Carpenter, brian walker, marten scheffer, terry chapin, johan rockstrom. The development of a resilience workbook arose from requests to the resilience alliance for advice and assistance in how to assess the resilience of. A resilience approach has guided the development of this workinprogress procedure for assessing resilience in socialecological systems sess. Carpenter 2, and ann kinzig 3 1 csiro sustainable ecosystems. Holling, who challenged the assumption that ecosystems respond to disturbances by rebounding to a static equilibrium i. Resilience, vulnerability, adaptive capacity, and social capital. Socialecological resilience thinking as a bridging. Resilience the capacity of a system to absorb disturba. Resilience thinking integrating resilience, adaptability and. The resilience adaptation transformation assessment and learning framework complements, and expands the scope of published tools and guidelines on resilience, including a host of resources on the resilience alliance database1 on thresholds and regime shifts in ecological and social. Three related attributes of socialecological systems sess determine their future trajectories.
Cinner and barnes introduce key social factors that provide resilience in linked socialecological systems, including 1 assets, 2 flexibility, 3 social organization, 4 learning, 5. Apr 20, 2017 cities can be understood as complexadaptive systems that have the opportunity to manage their resilience towards sustainability through processes of transformation. This article presents the origin of the resilience perspective and provides an overview of its development to date. Resilience thinking addresses the dynamics and development of complex socialecological systems ses. Several of the authors of the special issue on resilience in socialecological systems. The following three papers focus on different aspects of how the dynamics of social ecological systems are determined. Their combined citations are counted only for the first article. Resilience, adaptability and transformability in socialecological. So, resilience as a concept is not necessarily straightforward, and there are many operational definitions in existence. Assessing the socialecological resilience literature jstor. Social ecological networks the foundation for an adaptive network model is a network conceptualisation of social ecological systems. Resilience is linked to dynamics of social systems such as adaptability and transformability policy strategy to ensure sustainability of natural resources and human communities vulnerability focuses on exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity policy strategies that emphasize assets of communities that will enhance adaptability.
Resilience and sustainable development esdn quarterly report no 26 7 this exposes the strong need for sd governance to embrace resilience thinking. Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social ecological systems. Resilience the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks has four. The database provides empirical data on thresholds and regime shifts within a socialecological system. Resilience, vulnerability, adaptive capacity, and social. They think that adaptation for species and ecosystems means doing what we can to remove other stressors in other words, exactly what we do. A resilience thinking approach tries to investigate how these interacting systems of people and nature or socialecological systems can best be managed to ensure a sustainable and resilient supply of the essential ecosystem services on which humanity depends. Todays farming systems face a broad range of environmental, economic, social and institutional challenges. Transformability the capacity of actors to create a fundamentally new system when ecological, economic, or social structures make the existing system untenable. Overcoming undesirable resilience in the global food. Resilience alliance 2007 assessing resilience in socialecological. Social and ecological vulnerability to disasters and outcomes of any particular extreme event are influenced by buildup or erosion of resilience both before and after disasters occur. A framework to assess the resilience of farming systems.
Water rats resilience, adaptability, and transformability in lake and wetland socialecological systems. The socioecological approach to resilience builds on the scholarship of c. Pdf resilience, adaptability and transformability in. Transition and resilience 91 subsequent work revealed common patterns affecting resilience in social and economic as well as ecological and socialecological systems. The science of social ecological systems provides a framework known as resilience thinking 1 for understanding the processes of ecosystem change that are necessary for adaptation, and longterm sustainability. In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or disturbance by resisting damage and recovering quickly. Resilience thinking can help us understand how to initiate and. Resilience is a property of these linked social ecological systems ses. The concept of urban resilience has been applied in many different disciplines climate change, disaster risk reduction, planning, economy, sociology and psychology which. The following three papers focus on different aspects of how the dynamics of socialecological systems are determined.
Socialecological resilience a typical definition of socialecological resilience in the work of the resilience alliance is, t he capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganise while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure and feedbacks. Climate resilience is generally defined as the capacity for a socioecological system to. Bringing together socialecological system and territoire concepts to. Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social. Assessing and managing resilience in socialecological. Resilience and sustainable development esdn quarterly report no 26 6 1 executive summary the term resilience originated in the i o o is in the field of ecology from the research of. Assessing resilience, adaptability, and transformability.
Walker b, l gunderson, a kinzig, c folke, s carpenter, and l schultz. Socialecological resilience thinking as a bridging concept in transdisciplinary research on climatechange adaptation. Ecology and society resilience, adaptability and transformability in socialecological systems short description system resilience is used in varying context that is. Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability carl folke 1. The capacity of a socialecological system to cope with a hazardous event or disturbance. Three related attributes of social ecological systems sess determine their future trajectories. It describes the degree to which the system is capable of selforganization, learning and adaptation holling 1973, gunderson. Social dimensions of resilience in socialecological systems. We discuss alternative definitions of adaptability and transformability to clarify or avoid the notion of desirability. Resilience represents the capacity of a socialecological system, when. Resilience thinking addresses the dynamics and development of complex social ecological systems ses.
The resilience alliance ra is a research organization comprised of scientists and practitioners from many disciplines who collaborate to explore the dynamics of socialecological systems. The resilience perspective is increasingly used as an approach for understanding the dynamics of socialecological systems. Carpenter 3, brian walker 14, marten scheffer 5, terrv chapin 6, and johan rockstrom 17 abstract. It is argued that managing for resilience enhances the likelihood of sustaining desirable pathways for development in changing environments where the future is unpredictable. Resilience, adaptability and transformability all require capacity for social learning about systemic change in response to management intervention, external shocks and change. The nature of complex systems is to produce emergent phenomena such as resilience, adaptability, and transformability. Resilience is generally taken to comprise three capacities. Resilience in this context is the capacity of a ses to continually change and adapt yet remain within critical. Cinner and barnes introduce key social factors that provide resilience in linked social ecological systems, including 1 assets, 2 flexibility, 3 social organization, 4 learning, 5. Ecology and society resilience, adaptability and transformability in socialecological systems short description system resilience is used in varying context that is always evolving and can be an imprecise concept. Resilience is the capacity of a socialecological system to absorb or withstand perturbations and other stressors such that the system remains within the same regime, essentially maintaining its structure and functions. Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability author carl folke, stephen r.
Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the literature survey shows the increased importance of resilience and its integration into the interdisciplinary area of sustainability. Resilience is generally considered the capacity to tolerate, absorb, cope with, and adjust to changing social or environmental conditions while retaining key elements of structure, function, and identity. A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social ecological systems. Sustaining ecosystems and people in a changing world washington, dc. A loosely organized cluster of concepts and tools for understanding and managing change in complex social ecological systems 20, 21, 28. In practice many people still use the term resilience in the sense of bouncing back to an original state. Resilience, sustainability and transformability of cities as. Economic and social challenges include more volatile prices in liberalized markets, sudden changes in access to markets, e. Such perturbations and disturbances can include stochastic events such as fires, flooding, windstorms, insect population explosions, and human activities such as deforestation, fracking of the ground for oil extraction, pesticide sprayed in soil, and. When resilience is enhanced, a system is more likely to tolerate disturbance events without collapsing into a qualitatively different state that is controlled by a different set of processes. Resilience in this context is the capacity of a ses to continually change and adapt yet remain within. Rather than focusing on narrowly defined policy goals and seeking optimal states, resilience thinking stresses that human societies should manage general system properties with resilience, adaptability, and transformability in mind 46. Resilience, adaptability and transformability in socialecological systems article pdf available in ecology and society 92, article 5 november 2003 with 12,926 reads how we measure reads. Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability.
Its usage has evolved over time to encompass social ecological systems interwoven systems of human societies and ecosystems. The body of knowledge developed by the ra encompasses key concepts of resilience, adaptability and transformability and. Second, we suggest that the existing conceptualization of organizational resilience could be expanded to include transformative change, which may allow firms to mitigate the operational impacts of reaching adaptation limits. Resilience of a system needs to be considered in terms of the attributes that govern the systems dynamics. Resilience, adaptability, and transformability in the goulburnbroken catchment, australia. Resilience, climate change, and business as usual conservation in ecology, the concept of resilience was used to refer to recovery from disturbance. Stockholm resilience centre focuses on bridging this gap. It covers an array of disciplines from the natural sciences, social sciences, and the humanities concerned with the relationship between society and the lifesupporting ecosystems on which human wellbeing ultimately depends. Resilient socialecological systems incorporate diverse mechanisms for living with, and learning from, change and unexpected shocks. Socialecological resilience to coastal disasters science. Operationalising resilience in socialecological systems brian walker. To build multidimensional poverty trap models that assess how socialecological relationships and perceptions about them. Resilience, adaptability and transformability in socialecological systems brian walker 1, c. Resilience research demonstrates that these relationships are crucial in shaping the dynamics of socialecological systems, and emphasizes that the biosphere is the foundation for all social and economic activity fig.
Any complex system, such as an ecosystem, brain, body, individual, family, society, population, and socioecological system, interacts and responds to the. Walker b et al 2004 resilience, adaptability and transformability in socialecological systems ecol. In this section, we describe how features of social ecological systems could be implemented in an adaptive network model table 1, and briefly summarise the tools available to analyse these models. Resilience of a system needs to be considered in terms of the attributes that govern the system s dynamics. Exploring resilience and transformability of a river basin in the. Resilience in this context is the capacity of a ses to continually change and adapt yet remain within critical thresholds. Resilience adaptation transformation assessment and. Assessing resilience, adaptability, and transformability in indonesian mangrove socialecological systems ben brown presentation at mmm4 st augustine, fla. Different interpretations of what is meant by resilience, however, cause confusion. Exploring resilience in socialecological systems through. Ecology and society formerly conservation ecology is a quarterly open access interdisciplinary scientific journal published by the resilience alliance.
Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social ecological. Assessing resilience, adaptability, and transformability in. Resilience the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks has. Holling, who defined resilience as a measure of the persistence of systems and of their ability to absorb. In practice many people still use the term resilience in the. Request pdf resilience, adaptability and transformability in socialecological systems the concept of resilience has evolved considerably since hollings. Overcoming undesirable resilience in the global food system volume 1 tom h. Pdf resilience, adaptability and transformability in social. There is a major distinction between resilience and adaptability, on the one hand, and transformability on the other. The third section reports ongoing efforts and explorative work in resilience research toward understanding social ecological system dynamics and its implications for sustainability, a research integration that is still in its infancy. Sep 20, 2019 resilience is generally considered the capacity to tolerate, absorb, cope with, and adjust to changing social or environmental conditions while retaining key elements of structure, function, and identity.
This paper examines the contribution of resilience thinking for socialecological systems sess in understanding sustainability and the need to preserve natural resources in the face of external perturbations. Resilience offers escape from trapped thinking on poverty. Folke c, olsson p, peterson g 2006 water rats resilience, adaptability, and transformability in lake and wetland socialecological systems. In resilience work adaptability is referred to as the capacity of people in a socialecological system to build resilience through collective action whereas transformability is the capacity of people to create a fundamentally new socialecological system when ecological, political, social, or economic conditions make the existing system. Request pdf resilience, adaptability and transformability in socialecological systems the concept of resilience has evolved considerably since hollings 1973 seminal paper. The emergence of a perspective for socialecological systems analyses 2006 16 3 global environmental change, pp. Resilience and adaptability have to do with the dynamics of a particular system, or a closely related set of systems. Stone 1996, ecosystem resilience, stability and productivity. Disaster management requires multilevel governance systems that can enhance. Furthermore, resilience in social ecological systems has the added capacity of. It is not only about being transdisciplinary and avoiding partial and oneviewpoint solutions. Transformability refers to fundamentally altering the nature of a system. The module introduces key theoretical concepts associated with regime shifts, and a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches for analysing regime shifts in socialecological systems.
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